Biosíntesis de nanopartículas utilizando extractos de origen vegetal: fundamentos bioquímicos, biomateriales funcionales y aplicaciones en biosensores para la integración ciber-humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v15i2.482Palabras clave:
Sintesis verde de nanoparticulas, Metabolitos secundarios, Biosensores bioquímicos, Biomateriales funcionales, Integración ciber-humanaResumen
La síntesis verde de nanopartículas empleando extractos de plantas es una estrategia clave dentro de la bionanotecnología, al integrar principios de bioquímica, sustentabilidad y funcionalidad tecnológica. Este artículo analiza los fundamentos bioquímicos de la biosíntesis de nanopartículas empleando extractos de plantas, enfatizando el papel de los metabolitos secundarios como polifenoles, flavonoides, alcaloides, azúcares reductores y proteínas en los procesos de reducción, nucleación, crecimiento y estabilización de nanomateriales. Además, se discuten los principales tipos de nanopartículas obtenidas mediante rutas verdes y se comparan sus ventajas y limitaciones frente a los métodos de síntesis química convencionales, destacando su mayor biocompatibilidad y menor impacto ambiental. La revisión aborda también las propiedades bioquímicas y funcionales de las nanopartículas verdes que las posiciona como biomateriales funcionales idóneos para aplicaciones en biosensores. Se presentan casos del uso de nanopartículas biosintetizadas en plataformas de detección de biomarcadores relevantes para la salud humana, como glucosa, lactato y antígenos específicos. Finalmente, se analizan los principales retos asociados a la reproducibilidad, estandarización y escalabilidad de la síntesis verde y se discuten tendencias futuras orientadas al desarrollo de nanopartículas inteligentes, biosensores multianalito y estrategias de medicina personalizada, en el marco de la integración ciber-humanaCitas
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