Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using plant-based extracts: biochemical fundamentals, functional biomaterials and applications in biosensors for cyber-human integration

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v15i2.482

Keywords:

Green synthesis of nanoparticles, Secondary metabolites, Biochemical biosensors, Functional biomaterials, Cyber-human integration

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is a key strategy within bionanotechnology, integrating principles of biochemistry, sustainability and technological functionality. This article discusses the biochemical underpinnings of nanoparticle biosynthesis employing plant extracts, emphasizing the role of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, reducing sugars, and proteins in the processes of reduction, nucleation, growth, and stabilization of nanomaterials. In addition, the main types of nanoparticles obtained through green routes are discussed and their advantages and limitations compared to conventional chemical synthesis methods are compared, highlighting their greater biocompatibility and lower environmental impact. The review also addresses the biochemical and functional properties of green nanoparticles that position them as functional biomaterials suitable for applications in biosensors. Cases of the use of biosynthesized nanoparticles in detection platforms for biomarkers relevant to human health, such as glucose, lactate and specific antigens, are presented. Finally, the main challenges associated with the reproducibility, standardization and scalability of green synthesis are analyzed and future trends aimed at the development of smart nanoparticles, multi-analyte biosensors and personalized medicine strategies are discussed, within the framework of cyber-human integration

Author Biographies

Diego Carlos Bouttier Figueroa📩, Universidad de Sonora, México

Dr. Diego Carlos Bouttier Figueroa is a SECIHTI Postdoctoral Researcher affiliated with the Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences at the University of Sonora and a Level 1 member of the National System of Researchers (SNII). He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Biotechnology Engineering, a Master’s degree in Biotechnological Processes, and a Ph.D. in Materials Science. His research integrates nanobiotechnology, materials science, and sustainable chemistry, with a particular focus on the green synthesis of functional nanomaterials using plant extracts and the study of their structural, optical, and biological properties for biomedical and environmental applications. He also participates in research projects related to biomass valorization, the development of sustainable nanomaterials, and natural products biotechnology. In addition, he actively contributes to the training and supervision of undergraduate and graduate students and is involved in teaching activities in the field of chemical and biological sciences.

Francisco Humberto González-Gutiérrez, Universidad de Sonora, México

Dr. Francisco Humberto González Gutiérrez is a Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences at the University of Sonora and a Level C member of the National System of Researchers (SNII). He earned both his Master’s degree (2017) and Ph.D. (2023) from the University of Sonora. His academic responsibilities include undergraduate teaching in the areas of Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Virology, Organic Chemistry, Green Chemistry, and Bacteriological Analysis. His research focuses on the biological and biochemical activity of natural products, with particular emphasis on the evaluation of compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative potential. He has also supervised undergraduate thesis projects focused on the study of medicinal plants and their applications in biotechnology and health sciences.

Luisa Alondra Rascón-Valenzuela, Universidad de Sonora, México

Dr. Luisa Alondra Rascón Valenzuela is a Full-Time Professor and Researcher in the Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences at the University of Sonora. She is a Level 1 member of the National System of Researchers (SNII) and holds the PRODEP Desirable Profile distinction. She earned her Ph.D. in Biosciences, specializing in Natural Resources Biotechnology, from the University of Sonora in 2015. Her research focuses on the biochemistry and biotechnology of natural products, particularly the isolation, characterization, and evaluation of bioactive compounds with antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as their sustainable utilization. She has published scientific articles in peer-reviewed international journals, actively participates in the education and supervision of undergraduate, master's, and doctoral students, and collaborates on research projects related to natural products and applied biotechnology.

José Manuel Cortez-Valadez, Universidad de Sonora, México

Dr. José Manuel Cortez Valadez is a SECIHTI Research Professor affiliated with the Department of Physics Research at the University of Sonora and a Level 2 member of the National System of Researchers (SNII). His research focuses on the green synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, with particular emphasis on the optical, vibrational, and structural properties of metallic, semiconductor, and carbon-based nanostructures, as well as their applications in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), sensors, and materials science. He has published extensively in high-impact international scientific journals, actively participates in the education and supervision of undergraduate and graduate students, and leads research projects aimed at the development of functional materials through experimental approaches and nanobiotechnology.

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Portada Vol 15 Num 2

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2026-07-10

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Bouttier Figueroa, D. C., González-Gutiérrez, F. H., Rascón-Valenzuela, L. A., & Cortez-Valadez, J. M. (2026). Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using plant-based extracts: biochemical fundamentals, functional biomaterials and applications in biosensors for cyber-human integration. ReCIBE, Electronic Journal of Computing, Informatics, Biomedical and Electronics, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v15i2.482

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Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): May. 2026 - Ago. 2026

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Biomedical Engineering

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