Implementation of a system for the study of pupillary reflexes using blue and white color stimuli.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v14i3.434Keywords:
Pupillometry, pupillary reflex, blue light, white light, video-oculography, ipRGC, biomarkersAbstract
This work describes the implementation of a video-oculography (VOG) and pupillometry system to measure pupillary reflexes in 20 volunteers (21 ± 3 years old) under blue and white light stimuli in a controlled environment. Although it's a very small sample, the results demonstrate that the system can be useful for obtaining pupillary data, with both the system and the infrastructure employed receiving a positive evaluation. Three 10 ms stimuli were used with 10 s intervals, recording pupillary areas between 3000 and 9000 pixels, with maximum contractions of 3000-5000 pixels. The results show that blue light induces slightly more pronounced contractions (average PCA: 444-449 pixels²) than white light (average PCA: 410-417 pixels²), with a decrease in post-illumination pupillary response (PIPR) in the third cycle due to fatigue of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). This system provides a preliminary database for future studies using artificial intelligence to identify potential biomarkers for parasympathetic ocular disorders.References
Belen-Luna, J. C., González-Morán, C. O., Lima-Goméz, V., & Suaste-Gómez, E. (2024). Pupillary Reflex Variability and its Correlation with RGB Color Sensitivity. Latin American Conference on Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89514-2_24.
Blandino Ortiz, A., & Higuera Lucas, J. (2022). Utilidad de la pupilometría cuantitativa en la unidad de cuidados intensivos [10.1016/j.medin.2021.12.003]. Medicina Intensiva, 46(5), 273–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2021.12.003
Chougule, P. S., Najjar, R. P., Finkelstein, M. T., Kandiah, N., & Milea, D. (2019). Light-induced pupillary responses in Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in neurology, 10, 360. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80001-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00360
Christofi, G. (2022). A clinical approach to coma: neurological assessment of the comatose patient. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 23(12), 764–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2022.10.002
Conti, F., Battaglini, P. P., & Mora, E. (2010). Oftalmología en la práctica de la medicina general (1.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España S.L
Graue Wiechers, E. (2019). Exploración de los reflejos pupilares. En E. Graue Wiechers (Ed.), Oftalmología en la práctica de la medicina general (5.ª ed., pp. [rango de páginas]). McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España.
Kuze, M., Negishi, K., Koyasu, T., Kondo, M., Tsubota, K., & Ayaki, M. (2021). Cataract type and pupillary response to blue and white light stimuli. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79751-8
Martínez-Ricarte, F., Castro, A., Poca, M. A., Sahuquillo, J., Expósito, L., Arribas, M., & Aparicio, J. (2013). Pupilometría por infrarrojos. Descripción y fundamentos de la técnica y su aplicación en la monitorización no invasiva del paciente neurocrítico [10.1016/j.nrl.2010.07.028]. Neurología, 28(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2010.07.028
Maruani, J., Vissouze, L., Hebert, M., Rach, H., Zehani, F., Lejoyeux, M., Bourgin, P., & Geoffroy, P. A. (2025). Pupillary response to blue light as a biomarker of seasonal pattern in Major Depressive Episode: A clinical study using pupillometry. Psychiatry Research, 344, 116333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116333
Quiroz-Gonzalez, E. A., Quiroz-Reyes, M. A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, C., Loaeza-Castrejon, R., Haro-Morlett, L., Bautista-Barba, A., Fulda-Graue, E., & Graue-Wiechers, F. (2021). Unilateral Retinoblastoma Presentation in a Latin-American Teenager: A Case Report and Literature Review. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 6(4), 267–272. https://doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.23
Schafer, R. W. (2011). What is a savitzky-golay filter?[lecture notes]. IEEE Signal processing magazine, 28(4), 111–117. https://10.1109/MSP.2011.941097
Tan, T. E., Finkelstein, M. T., Tan, G. S. W., Tan, A. C. S., Chan, C. M., Mathur, R., Wong, E. Y. M., Cheung, C. M. G., Wong, T. Y., & Milea, D. (2022). Retinal neural dysfunction in diabetes revealed with handheld chromatic pupillometry. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 50(7), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14116
Tripolone, M. C., Issolio, L. A., Aguero, C. A., Lavaque, A., & Barrionuevo, P. A. (2023). Pupilometría cromática en pacientes con sospecha de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto. https://doi.org/10.70313/2718.7446.v16.n04.258
Vimalajeewa, D., McDonald, E., Bruce, S. A., & Vidakovic, B. (2022). Wavelet-based approach for diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Scientific Reports, 12(1), 21928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26077-2
Zarifkar, P., Othman, M. H., Hansen, K. I. T., Amiri, M., Stückler, S. G., Fabritius, M. L., Sigurdsson, S. T., Hassager, C., Birkeland, P. F., & Hauerberg, J. (2024). The Pupillary Light-Off Reflex in Acute Disorders of Consciousness. Neurocritical Care, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-024-02133-9
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2026-06-21 (2)
- 2025-10-13 (1)
